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Termites going through incomplete metamorphosis on the road to becoming alates type a subcaste in certain species of termite, functioning as potential supplementary reproductives. These supplementary reproductives only mature into primary reproductives upon the death of a king or queen, or when the primary reproductives are separated from the colony.6676 Supplementaries have the capacity to replace a deceased primary reproductive, and there may also be greater than just a single supplementary within a colony.53 Some queens have the capacity to change from sexual reproduction to asexual reproduction.

The neotropical termite Embiratermes neotenicus and several other associated species create colonies that contain a primary king accompanied by a primary queen or by up to 200 neotenic queens which had originated through thelytokous parthenogenesis of a founding principal queen.79 The kind of parthenogenesis likely employed maintains heterozygosity in the passage of their genome from mother to daughter, thus avoiding inbreeding depression. .

Termites are detritivores, consuming dead plants in any level of decomposition. They also play a very important role in the ecosystem by recycling waste material like dead timber, faeces and plants.8182 Many species consume cellulose, having a specialised midgut that breaks down the fibre.83 Termites are considered to be a significant source (11%) of atmospheric methane, one of the prime greenhouse gases, generated from the breakdown of cellulose.84 Termites depend mainly upon symbiotic protozoa (metamonads) and other microbes like flagellate protists in their bowels to digest the cellulose for them, allowing them to absorb the end products to their own use.8586 Gut protozoa, such as Trichonympha, in turn, rely on symbiotic bacteria embedded on their own decks to produce a number of the necessary intestinal enzymes.

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The flagellates have been lost in Termitidae.878889 Scientists' understanding of the relationship between the termite gastrointestinal tract and the microbial endosymbionts is still rudimentary; what's true in most termite species, however, is that the workers feed the different members of the colony together with substances derived from the digestion of plant material, either from the mouth or anus.54 Judging from closely related bacterial species, it's strongly presumed that the termites' and cockroach's gut microbiota derives from their dictyopteran ancestors.90.

Certain species such as Gnathamitermes tubiformans have seasonal food habits. As an example, they might preferentially consume Red three-awn (Aristida longiseta) during the summertime, Buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides) from May to August, and blue grama Bouteloua gracilis during spring, summer and autumn. Colonies of G. tubiformans consume less food in spring than they do during autumn when their feeding activity is high.91.

Numerous woods differ in their susceptibility to termite attack; the differences are attributed to these factors as moisture content, hardness, and resin and lignin content. In one study, the drywood termite Cryptotermes brevis strongly preferred poplar and maple forests to other forests Homepage which were generally rejected from the termite colony.

Some species of termite practice fungiculture. They maintain that a"garden" of specialised fungi of genus Termitomyces, that are nourished by the excrement of the insects. When the fungi are eaten, their spores pass undamaged through the intestines of the termites to complete the cycle by germinating in the fresh faecal pellets.9394 Molecular evidence suggests that the household Macrotermitinae developed agriculture roughly 31 million decades back.

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Originally living in the rainforest, fungus farming enabled them to colonise the African savannah and other new environments, eventually expanding into Asia.95.

Depending on their feeding habits, termites are put into two groups: the lower termites and higher termites. The lower termites predominately feed on wood. As wood is difficult to digest, termites prefer to consume fungus-infected timber since it's a lot easier to digest and the fungi are high in protein. Meanwhile, the higher termites consume a vast array of substances, including faeces, humus, bud, leaves and roots.96 The gut in the lower weeds contains many species of bacteria along with protozoa, while the higher termites only have a few species of bacteria with no protozoa.97.

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Termites are consumed by a vast array of predators. One termite species alone, Hodotermes mossambicus, was found in the stomach contents of 65 creatures and 19 mammals.98 Arthropods such as ants,99100 centipedes, cockroaches, crickets, dragonflies, scorpions and spiders,101 reptiles such as lizards,102 and amphibians such as frogs103 and toads consume termites, with two spiders in the household Ammoxenidae being specialist termite predators.104106 Other predators include aardvarks, aardwolves, anteaters, bats, bears, bilbies, many birds, echidnas, foxes, galagos, numbats, mice and pangolins.104107108109 The aardwolf is an insectivorous mammal that mostly feeds on termites; it locates its foods by sound and by detecting the scent secreted by the soldiers; a single aardwolf is effective at consuming thousands of termites in a single night this page by using its long, sticky tongue.110111 Sloth bears break open mounds to consume the nest mates, whereas chimpanzees have developed tools to"fish" termites from their nest.

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